mitochondrial-derived metabolic peptide; AMPK-related modulator

MOTS-c

aka mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c · mitochondrial ORF of the twelve S rRNA type-c · MOTS-C

Evidence grade
Grade D: Preclinical only
for metabolism, exercise performance and longevity
User score everyone · n = 25
US FDA Not approved checked 2026-11-13
WADA 2026 Prohibited (S4.4.1) at all times · checked 2026-11-13
EU No data · checked 2026-11-13

User reports

approximate — combined from two independent Reddit reads

Men 45–60

2 men aged 45–60

small sample · n = 2

Outcome positive 1 of 2 · unclear 1 of 2

Benefits energy 2 of 2 · endurance 1 of 2

Side effects none reported

Stopped 0 of 2 Used with other compounds 2 of 2

All men

3 men

small sample · n = 3

Outcome no effect 1 of 3 · positive 1 of 3 · unclear 1 of 3

Benefits energy 2 of 3 · endurance 1 of 3

Side effects none reported

Stopped 0 of 3 Used with other compounds 2 of 3

Everyone

25 people

  • Positive: 10 of 25 (40%)
  • Mixed: 7 of 25 (28%)
  • Negative: 4 of 25 (16%)
  • No effect: 3 of 25 (12%)
  • Unclear: 2 of 25 (8%)
Benefits reported of 25
Benefits reported (n = 25)
ItemReports
Energy11 of 25 (44%)
Endurance6 of 25 (24%)
Fat loss3 of 25 (12%)
Gut1 of 25 (4%)
Other1 of 25 (4%)
Sleep1 of 25 (4%)
Strength1 of 25 (4%)
Side effects reported of 25
Side effects reported (n = 25)
ItemReports
Fatigue4 of 25 (16%)
Heart rate up4 of 25 (16%)
Other3 of 25 (12%)
Insomnia2 of 25 (8%)
Injection site1 of 25 (4%)
Low mood1 of 25 (4%)
Tingling / numbness1 of 25 (4%)
Why people stopped of 25
Why people stopped (n = 25)
ItemReports
Side effects2 of 25 (8%)

Stopped 2 of 25 (8%) Used with other compounds 16 of 25 (64%)

User reports are anecdata, not evidence: self-selected, unverified, often combined with other compounds.

In their words

  • “Took MOTS 30 minutes before gym and provided a nice natural energy boost.”

  • “I just realized I haven't needed naps recently. That might be MOTS-C”

  • “Started MotsC on Monday, today’s Thursday and I’m like a zombie.”

  • “I took my first 1 mg of MOTS-c on Sunday and couldn't sleep”

  • “25m started first week of MOT-C 1mg 5 days on 2 days off. Didn't really notice or feel a difference.”

  • “I was on it for 4 weeks and my heart is racing , almost passed out at the gym , my arms going numb”

  • “I was doing about the same 1mg m/w/f for the first two weeks, then 2mg. Ss-41 started a week before mot c. Got amazing energy”

  • “First day at 1mg felt great all day. Second and third day felt fatigue.”

Read summaries and method notes

Read 1. Two qualifying male self-reports were identified: a 50-year-old described improved workout energy, while a 52-year-old noticed fewer naps but explicitly questioned whether MOTS-c was responsible. Both were using multiple compounds, which prevents reliable attribution. Among all 15 coded users, energy and endurance improvements appeared repeatedly, but fatigue, insomnia, injection-site reactions, and an elevated heart rate were also reported. The reported onset ranged from immediate exercise effects to changes over several weeks; some users reported no meaningful effect even after prolonged use. Twelve reports involved stacks, making the sample particularly weak for estimating MOTS-c's independent effects.

Read 2. No man aged 45–60; one man stated age (25M, no effect after a week). Fourteen users: 4 positive, 4 mixed, 3 negative, 2 no effect, 1 unclear — energy, endurance, bowel regularity, fat loss, especially with SS-31, NAD+ or 5-amino-1MQ. Side effects were prominent: paradoxical daytime fatigue (3), resting heart rate jumping from 50–60 to 80–90 bpm (3, two stacked with retatrutide), irritability, chest tightness, near-fainting at the gym. Six of 14 stacked.

Note 1. The 52M report is coded unclear despite mentioning improved energy because the author expressly questioned attribution. A 45-year-old author's sex was unstated and therefore that report appears only in everyone. Results are highly confounded by SS-31, NAD+, retatrutide, and other peptide stacks. Moderated-out original posts, hearsay, vendor promotions, and plans to try MOTS-c were not counted. Only selected verifiable reports were coded.

Note 2. One r/BodyHackGuide thread was excluded. Frequent co-use with retatrutide or SS-31 confounds heart-rate and energy attribution.

Each read counted people independently. Overlap between the two reads is estimated from shared threads and removed; counts are approximate. How we count.

Summary

16-aa peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA (12S rRNA). Exercise-mimetic in preclinical models. Nuclear translocation, metabolic-gene regulation, insulin-sensitivity and mitochondrial effects are experimental findings, not demonstrated native-MOTS-c clinical benefits. In a particular cross-sectional male cohort, plasma levels were approximately 21% lower in 70–81-year-olds than in 18–30-year-olds, while skeletal-muscle expression was higher in the older groups; this does not establish a replacement deficiency.

Proposed mechanism

  • Translocates to nucleus under stress → gene regulation in experimental models
  • Activates AMPK pathway in preclinical experiments
  • Elevates intracellular NAD+ and involves SIRT1 in experimental glycolytic actions; not a demonstrated human treatment outcome
  • Promotes fat oxidation and insulin sensitivity in preclinical models; native human efficacy is unestablished

Safety

  • Native MOTS-c human treatment adverse-event rates and contraindications not found
  • FDA warns of potential immunogenicity, impurities and aggregation concerns
  • Native human pharmacokinetics and safe dosing not established
  • CB4211 trial safety cannot be transferred directly to native MOTS-c
  • AMPK biology does not establish clinical cancer safety

From labels, regulators and trials. No signal in small studies ≠ safe.

Evidence D metabolism, exercise performance and longevity

D stands. No completed trial of native MOTS-c in humans; the one human trial used the analogue CB4211 (sponsor-reported phase 1), which is a different molecule - same rule as TB-500.

Human trials · 1

  1. NCT039985142021randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase 1a/1b trial of CB4211, a distinct MOTS-c analogue 88 people

    65 healthy participants and 23 participants with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; 20 completed phase 1b pharmacodynamic assessments

    Sponsor-reported early safety and exploratory biomarker signals; injection-site reactions; not a native MOTS-c efficacy trial.

Bar length = trial size on a log scale.

Dose ranges

Reported ranges from labels and studies, with context. Not a recommendation.

No data.

Editorial ratings EDITORIAL

Editors’ judgement, 0–5. Opinion, not data; separate from grade and user score.

  • Safety 4 out of 5
  • Sleep 3 out of 5
  • Recovery 3.5 out of 5
  • Cognitive 3 out of 5

Sources

  1. hhs.gov/sites/default/files/hhs-503a-peptide-enforcement-discretion-policy-appendix-b.pdf
  2. wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/2026list_en_final_clean_september_2025.pdf
  3. fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-c
  4. fda.gov/media/193347/download
  5. fda.gov/media/193773/download
  6. fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-pres
  7. govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-10-30/html/2026-22192.htm
  8. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4350682/
  9. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29983246/
  10. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7138593/
  11. clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03998514
  12. clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07505745

Reddit threads read · 14

9 further sources on commercial or non-primary hosts not listed.

Research checked 2026-11-13.