GLP-1 receptor agonist

Semaglutide

aka Ozempic · Wegovy · Wegovy HD · Rybelsus · Kayshild

Evidence grade
Grade A: Strong human evidence
for weight management and type 2 diabetes
User score everyone · n = 24
US FDA Approved checked 2026-11-13
WADA 2026 Not prohibited monitored · checked 2026-11-13
EU Semaglutide products are authorised; Wegovy product information includes oral and 7.2 mg injectable presentations, and Kayshild has conditional MASH authorisation. · checked 2026-11-13

User reports

approximate — combined from two independent Reddit reads

Men 45–60

9 men aged 45–60

small sample · n = 9

Outcome mixed 5 of 9 · positive 4 of 9

Benefits fat loss 9 of 9 · blood sugar 3 of 9 · less appetite 3 of 9 · joints / tendons 1 of 9

Side effects gi upset 4 of 9 · nausea 2 of 9 · joint pain 1 of 9 · other 1 of 9

Why stopped side effects 1 of 9 · supply / quality worries 1 of 9

Stopped 2 of 9 Used with other compounds 0 of 9

All men

9 men

small sample · n = 9

Outcome mixed 5 of 9 · positive 4 of 9

Benefits fat loss 9 of 9 · blood sugar 3 of 9 · less appetite 2 of 9 · joints / tendons 1 of 9

Side effects gi upset 4 of 9 · nausea 2 of 9 · joint pain 1 of 9 · other 1 of 9

Why stopped side effects 1 of 9 · supply / quality worries 1 of 9

Stopped 2 of 9 Used with other compounds 0 of 9

Everyone

24 people

  • Positive: 17 of 24 (71%)
  • Mixed: 6 of 24 (25%)
  • Unclear: 2 of 24 (8%)
Benefits reported of 24
Benefits reported (n = 24)
ItemReports
Fat loss20 of 24 (83%)
Less appetite7 of 24 (29%)
Blood sugar3 of 24 (13%)
Joints / tendons2 of 24 (8%)
Other2 of 24 (8%)
Focus / cognition1 of 24 (4%)
Inflammation1 of 24 (4%)
Sleep1 of 24 (4%)
Side effects reported of 24
Side effects reported (n = 24)
ItemReports
GI upset5 of 24 (21%)
Nausea4 of 24 (17%)
Joint pain1 of 24 (4%)
Other1 of 24 (4%)
Why people stopped of 24
Why people stopped (n = 24)
ItemReports
Side effects1 of 24 (4%)
Supply / quality worries1 of 24 (4%)

Stopped 2 of 24 (8%) Used with other compounds 1 of 24 (4%)

User reports are anecdata, not evidence: self-selected, unverified, often combined with other compounds.

In their words

  • “Found out this morning at my doctor's office that I've lost 35.1 pounds”

  • “I lost a lot of muscle mass.”

  • “45/m, I've been on Wegovy for 8 months, down 30 pounds so far.”

  • “it is a sour stomach with bad tasting burps that make me want to barf.”

  • “58M 6' SW 320 CW 259 GW 220 31 weeks.”

  • “If you are new or relatively new to Ozempic and semaglutide, I'd encourage you to keep giving it a chance... it can help improve your health.”

  • “I'll add that I've felt the effects wearing off over the last 4-5 weeks. More cravings, more intrusive food thoughts.”

  • “50 years old female, 20 kilos lost in one year. Slowly buz steady.”

Read summaries and method notes

Read 1. Eight explicitly identified men aged 45–60 were coded, with reports describing weight loss ranging from early treatment changes to substantial reductions over many months. Three were classified positive and five mixed because several reported gastrointestinal effects, nausea, muscle loss, pain, or other concerns alongside weight reduction. Among all 13 selected users, weight loss was the dominant outcome, with additional reports of appetite suppression and improved blood-sugar control. A 57-year-old man described 35 pounds lost over 15 weeks, while a 53-year-old reported meaningful weight loss but also substantial loss of muscle and strength after approximately 15 months. Effects commonly emerged within the first weeks, while longer-term accounts included weight plateaus, maintenance after stopping, and a switch prompted by supply difficulties. This is the strongest age-specific sample of the batch, but it remains a small, nonrandom subset of the far larger Reddit discussion.

Read 2. One man aged 45–60: a 57M on Ozempic for 15 weeks reported health and weight benefits, though appetite suppression was wearing off over the last 4–5 weeks. Everyone (n=14, heavily female, including women in their late 40s and 50s): 12 positive, 2 unclear — effortless appetite reduction, no more "food noise" or binge urges, steady loss of 1–4 lb a week at 0.5–2.4 mg weekly; women also reported relief of perimenopausal hip pain, brain fog and sleep problems. Side effects mild: injection-day nausea and constipation.

Note 1. The coded reports include Wegovy and Ozempic but not tirzepatide-only accounts. A former Ozempic user switching to Mounjaro was counted for the earlier semaglutide period only; switching because of shortages was classified supply_quality. Oral medications other than semaglutide were not substituted. A search hit about Foundayo was excluded after identifying it as a different active drug. Muscle loss is reported as an observation, not proof of a drug-specific mechanism. The selected sample is not representative of all semaglutide users, and the very large comment threads were not exhaustively coded.

Note 2. A 48-year-old who did not state sex was counted in everyone only. Several threads targeted older women, skewing the sample female.

Each read counted people independently. Overlap between the two reads is estimated from shared threads and removed; counts are approximate. How we count.

Summary

GLP-1 receptor agonist. 31-amino acid peptide, acylated for albumin binding (extended half-life ~1 week). MW: ~4,113 Da.

Proposed mechanism

Selective GLP-1 receptor agonist:

  • Suppresses appetite via hypothalamic signaling
  • Delays gastric emptying
  • Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • Reduces glucagon secretion
  • SELECT demonstrated reduced major cardiovascular events in people with established cardiovascular disease and overweight/obesity without diabetes; absence of diabetes does not by itself prove that benefit is independent of weight loss

Unlike tirzepatide, semaglutide is GLP-1-only (no GIP). This does not establish greater muscle loss: lean mass is not a direct measure of muscle function, and comparative proof of a causal disadvantage from absent GIP agonism was not found.

Safety

  • Gastrointestinal adverse effects and dehydration-related kidney injury
  • Pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, retinopathy complications and peri-anaesthetic aspiration warnings
  • Contraindicated with MTC/MEN2 history or serious hypersensitivity; rodent thyroid-tumour signal has uncertain human relevance
  • Hypoglycaemia risk with insulin or insulin secretagogues
  • Pregnancy precautions and long washout
  • Potential NAION risk: FDA class labeling action on November 9, 2026; EMA very-rare semaglutide adverse effect
  • Altered skin sensation more frequent at higher dosage

From labels, regulators and trials. No signal in small studies ≠ safe.

Evidence A weight management and type 2 diabetes

A stands. Approved for exactly the marketed use, with multiple large RCTs (STEP 1, SELECT, STEP UP, OASIS 4).

Human trials · 4

  1. PMID 335671852021RCT, double-blind 1,961 people

    Adults with overweight/obesity without diabetes (STEP 1)

    At 68 weeks, weight change -14.9% versus -2.4% with placebo. Source

  2. PMID 379521312023RCT, double-blind 17,604 people

    Adults with established cardiovascular disease and overweight/obesity without diabetes (SELECT)

    MACE 6.5% versus 8.0%; hazard ratio 0.80 over mean 39.8 months. Source

  3. PMID 409619522025RCT, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled 1,407 people

    Adults with obesity without diabetes (STEP UP)

    At 72 weeks, weight change -18.7% at 7.2 mg versus -15.6% at 2.4 mg and -3.9% with placebo. Source

  4. PMID 409341152025RCT, double-blind 307 people

    Adults with overweight/obesity without diabetes (OASIS 4)

    Oral 25 mg: weight change -13.6% versus -2.2% at week 64. Source

Bar length = trial size on a log scale.

Dose ranges

Reported ranges from labels and studies, with context. Not a recommendation.

  • approved label
    Ozempic injection: 0.25 mg weekly initiation; maintenance 0.5-2 mg weekly for glycaemic control, 1 mg weekly for the T2D/CKD indication. Source
  • approved label
    Wegovy injection: 0.25-2.4 mg weekly during escalation; maintenance depends on indication, with 7.2 mg weekly additionally approved for selected adults requiring weight management. Source
  • approved label
    Wegovy tablets: 1.5-25 mg once daily during escalation; 25 mg daily maintenance. Source
  • approved label
    T2D tablets: Rybelsus 3-14 mg daily (7 or 14 mg maintenance); Ozempic tablets 1.5-9 mg daily (4 or 9 mg maintenance); formulations are not mg-for-mg interchangeable. Source

Editorial ratings EDITORIAL

Editors’ judgement, 0–5. Opinion, not data; separate from grade and user score.

Not rated yet.

Sources

  1. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33567185/
  2. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37952131/
  3. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40961952/
  4. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40934115/
  5. accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/218316Orig1s000lbl.pdf
  6. wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/2026_list_monitoring_program_en_final_clean_septe
  7. ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/kayshild
  8. accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/209637s035%2C209637s037lbl.pdf
  9. fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-fourth-product-under-national-priorit
  10. accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2026/213051s030lbl.pdf
  11. fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-communications/fda-requires-safety-labeling-changes-glucagon-pep
  12. accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/215256s026lbl.pdf
  13. fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-communications/fda-requests-removal-suicidal-behavior-and-ideati
  14. fda.gov/drugs/drug-alerts-and-statements/fdas-concerns-unapproved-glp-1-drugs-used-weight-
  15. fda.gov/drugs/drug-alerts-and-statements/fda-clarifies-policies-compounders-national-glp-1
  16. fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-proposes-exclude-semaglutide-tirzepatide-and-l
  17. fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-c
  18. wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/2026list_en_final_clean_september_2025.pdf?embed=
  19. ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/wegovy-epar-product-information_en.pdf
  20. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8089287/
  21. ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/wegovy
  22. ema.europa.eu/en/news/prac-concludes-eye-condition-naion-very-rare-side-effect-semaglutide
  23. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33567185/?from_id=934
  24. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40353578/
  25. accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/215256s024lbl.pdf?aid=brendamadero#page=1
  26. accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/218316Orig1s000lbl.pdf?creative=743879881349

Reddit threads read · 14

5 further sources on commercial or non-primary hosts not listed.

Research checked 2026-11-13.